A transperineal biopsy is a medical procedure used to collect tissue samples from the prostate gland to diagnose or assess prostate cancer. This technique involves inserting a needle through the perineum (the area between the scrotum and the anus) to reach the prostate, guided by ultrasound imaging for precision. Unlike the more commonly used transrectal biopsy, the transperineal approach allows for more comprehensive sampling of the prostate, particularly the anterior and apical regions, which are sometimes missed in other biopsy methods. Local or general anesthesia is typically used to minimize discomfort during the procedure. The primary reason for performing a transperineal biopsy is to detect or rule out prostate cancer in men with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels or abnormal digital rectal exam (DRE) findings. It is especially useful in cases where previous biopsies have been inconclusive, or when a more extensive tissue sample is needed. This method is also preferred for reducing the risk of infection, as it avoids passing the needle through the rectal wall, a common pathway for introducing bacteria in transrectal biopsies. Complications associated with transperineal biopsy are generally low but can include temporary pain or discomfort in the perineal area, blood in the urine or semen, and, less commonly, urinary retention. The risk of infection is significantly lower compared to the transrectal approach, though it is still possible. Despite these potential risks, transperineal biopsy is a valuable tool for obtaining a detailed assessment of the prostate, leading to more accurate diagnosis and better treatment planning.
