Trabeculectomy is a surgical procedure performed to manage glaucoma, a condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) that can damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss. The procedure involves creating a new drainage channel for aqueous humor, the fluid within the eye, to reduce intraocular pressure and prevent further damage to the optic nerve. This is achieved by removing a small section of the trabecular meshwork and part of the sclera, the outer coating of the eye, to facilitate fluid drainage from the anterior chamber of the eye into a space under the conjunctiva, forming a bleb that absorbs the fluid. Trabeculectomy is typically indicated for patients with glaucoma that is not adequately controlled by medications or other non-surgical treatments. The surgery can be performed under local or general anesthesia, and while it can be effective in lowering IOP and preserving vision, it carries several potential risks and complications. Common complications include infection, bleeding, and leakage of the aqueous humor, which can affect the healing process and result in a loss of intraocular pressure control. There may also be issues with the formation of the bleb, including scarring or encapsulation, which can impede proper fluid drainage and necessitate additional interventions. Post-operative complications can include vision changes, eye discomfort, and potential damage to surrounding eye structures. Effective post-operative care involves monitoring for complications, managing IOP, and regular follow-up visits to assess the success of the surgery and make any necessary adjustments to treatment.
