A root canal is a dental procedure designed to treat infection or damage within the pulp of a tooth, which is the soft tissue inside the tooth that contains nerves and blood vessels. This procedure aims to save a tooth that might otherwise need to be extracted due to severe decay, infection, or trauma. The process begins with the dentist administering local anesthesia to numb the affected tooth and surrounding area. An access hole is then drilled into the tooth to reach the pulp chamber and root canals. The dentist cleans out the infected or damaged pulp tissue and carefully shapes and disinfects the root canals. After cleaning, the empty canals are filled with a biocompatible material called gutta-percha, which seals the space and prevents further infection. The tooth is then sealed with a temporary or permanent filling, and a crown is often placed over the tooth to restore its strength and function. Root canal therapy is typically recommended when a tooth has a deep cavity, extensive decay, or has been cracked or injured, leading to inflammation or infection of the pulp. By removing the damaged pulp and sealing the tooth, root canals aim to relieve pain, eliminate infection, and preserve the tooth for continued use. Despite its benefits, root canal therapy can have potential complications. These may include persistent or recurrent infection, which could occur if some of the infection remains or if there are complexities in the tooth's root system. Other complications might involve damage to adjacent teeth, nerve damage, or an incomplete seal of the root canals, which could lead to continued discomfort or the need for additional treatment. Proper follow-up care and good oral hygiene are crucial to ensuring the long-term success of the root canal.
