Pneumonectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of an entire lung. This operation is typically performed to treat severe conditions such as lung cancer, particularly when the disease is localized to one lung and other treatments are not feasible. Pneumonectomy may also be indicated for conditions such as chronic infections, tuberculosis, or extensive lung damage that cannot be managed with less invasive procedures. The surgery aims to eliminate diseased tissue and improve overall health outcomes, especially when the affected lung is non-functional or severely compromised. While pneumonectomy can be life-saving, it carries significant risks and potential complications. One of the primary risks is respiratory distress, as the remaining lung must take on the entire respiratory load, which can be challenging, especially in patients with pre-existing lung conditions. Post-operative complications may include infection, bleeding, and wound healing problems. Patients are also at risk of developing a condition called pleural effusion, where fluid accumulates in the chest cavity, which may require additional procedures to manage. Long-term complications can include reduced lung function, chronic cough, and difficulty with physical activities due to decreased respiratory capacity. Additionally, patients may experience psychological impacts related to changes in physical ability and lifestyle adjustments. Post-operative care involves close monitoring, respiratory therapy, and rehabilitation to support lung function and overall recovery. Regular follow-up is crucial to manage potential complications, monitor lung function, and support the patient's adaptation to life after the removal of a lung.
