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Peritomy is a surgical procedure primarily associated with ophthalmology, specifically involving the removal or cutting of the conjunctiva, the thin, transparent membrane covering the white part of the eyeball and the inside of the eyelids. This technique is crucial in various ocular surgeries, especially those addressing conditions such as pterygium, where abnormal growth of tissue occurs on the conjunctiva, causing discomfort, visual disturbances, and potential damage to the cornea. The term “peritomy” itself originates from the Greek word “peri,” meaning around, and “tome,” meaning incision or cutting. The procedure begins with the careful and precise marking of the area around the eye where the conjunctiva will be excised, ensuring minimal damage to surrounding tissues. Adequate anesthesia, usually local, is administered to manage pain and provide comfort for the patient during the operation. Once the area is prepared, the surgeon meticulously incises the conjunctiva at the designated site, allowing for the removal of the pathological tissue while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible. The goal of peritomy in procedures such as pterygium excision is to both eliminate the abnormal growth and to facilitate a smooth recovery for the patient. Following the removal of conjunctival tissue, it is essential to perform a careful assessment of the eye's surface to ensure no residual tissue remains that could lead to recurrence of the problem. Surgeons may employ various techniques following the peritomy for reconstruction, including grafting healthy conjunctival tissue from another area of the conjunctiva or utilizing amniotic membrane to support the healing process. Proper suturing techniques are critical following peritomy, with careful attention given to the tension of the sutures to promote optimal healing and prevent scarring. The post-operative care also plays a vital role in the success of the procedure, and patients are often prescribed anti-inflammatory medications and instructed to avoid activities that may strain the eyes. Complications, while relatively rare, may include infection, bleeding, and the risk of recurrence of the tissue growth, necessitating follow-up visits to monitor the healing process. In conclusion, peritomy is a fundamental aspect of surgical interventions aimed at correcting ocular conditions, requiring precision, skill, and detailed knowledge of ocular anatomy. This surgical technique offers a pathway to restore both the functional and aesthetic aspects of the eye, significantly enhancing the quality of life for individuals affected by conjunctival abnormalities.