Osteotomy is a surgical procedure involving the cutting and realignment of bone to correct deformities, improve function, or relieve pain. The procedure is typically performed on weight-bearing bones, such as the femur, tibia, or pelvis, and is often used to treat conditions like osteoarthritis, congenital deformities, or bone fractures that have healed improperly. By reshaping the bone, osteotomy can improve joint alignment, distribute weight more evenly, and reduce stress on damaged areas, leading to pain relief and enhanced mobility. The primary cause for an osteotomy is to address misalignment or deformities that impact joint function and quality of life. For instance, in cases of knee osteoarthritis, an osteotomy can realign the knee joint to shift weight away from the damaged area, potentially delaying the need for knee replacement surgery. Osteotomies are also used to correct hip dysplasia or realign bones following traumatic injuries. While osteotomy can provide significant benefits, it carries potential risks and complications. These may include infection, bleeding, and delayed bone healing. There is also a risk of nonunion or malunion, where the bone does not heal correctly, potentially requiring additional surgeries. Other complications can include joint stiffness, persistent pain, or alterations in gait. Post-operative care is crucial, including physical therapy and regular follow-up visits, to ensure proper healing and to achieve the best possible functional outcomes. Despite these risks, osteotomy is a valuable option for addressing complex bone and joint issues, improving overall function and quality of life.
