Myectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of a portion of muscle tissue, often performed to relieve symptoms caused by abnormal muscle thickening or dysfunction. One of the most common types is septal myectomy, used to treat hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a condition where the heart muscle, particularly the septum between the ventricles, becomes abnormally thick, obstructing blood flow and leading to symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Myectomy can also be performed in other areas of the body, such as the eye muscles in cases of strabismus (misalignment of the eyes), or in gastrointestinal conditions like achalasia, where the esophageal muscles are too tight, preventing food from passing into the stomach. Although myectomy can provide significant relief from symptoms, it carries potential complications. In septal myectomy, for instance, risks include bleeding, arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats), infection, or damage to the heart's conduction system, which may require a pacemaker. In other types of myectomy, complications can include muscle weakness, scarring, or nerve damage, depending on the site of surgery. Additionally, as with any surgical procedure, there is a risk of anesthesia-related complications, as well as the possibility of infection or delayed healing. Post-operative recovery often involves physical therapy or cardiac rehabilitation, depending on the type of myectomy performed. In many cases, myectomy significantly improves quality of life by addressing the underlying cause of muscle dysfunction, but careful monitoring and follow-up care are essential to manage risks and ensure a successful outcome.
