Laser eye surgery, also known as laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), is a surgical procedure designed to correct vision problems such as myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), and astigmatism. The surgery uses a specialized laser to reshape the cornea, the transparent front part of the eye, allowing light entering the eye to be properly focused onto the retina, thereby improving vision. LASIK involves creating a thin flap in the cornea, which is lifted to allow the laser to reshape the underlying tissue, while PRK removes the outer layer of the cornea entirely, allowing new tissue to grow in its place. Laser eye surgery is often sought by individuals who wish to reduce or eliminate their dependence on glasses or contact lenses.
Although laser eye surgery is generally safe and effective, it can have complications. Common short-term side effects include dry eyes, glare, halos, and difficulty with night vision, which usually improve over time. In some cases, there may be under-correction or over-correction of vision, requiring additional procedures. Rare complications include infection, chronic dry eye, or vision loss, which can result from flap complications or scarring of the cornea. There is also a risk of developing keratoconus, a condition where the cornea thins and bulges forward. To minimize risks, candidates for laser eye surgery should undergo thorough screening to ensure they are suitable, and the procedure should be performed by an experienced ophthalmologist. Postoperative care and follow-up are crucial to monitor healing and address any complications promptly.
