Laryngectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the larynx, or voice box, which is essential for speech, breathing, and swallowing. This surgery is typically performed to treat advanced laryngeal cancer that cannot be effectively managed with radiation or chemotherapy alone. It may also be necessary for severe injuries, chronic infections, or other conditions affecting the larynx that significantly impair its function. During the procedure, the entire larynx is removed, and the trachea is redirected to an opening in the neck called a stoma, which allows the patient to breathe directly through this new airway. The esophagus remains intact, but the removal of the larynx means that the patient will no longer be able to produce normal speech. After laryngectomy, patients typically use a voice prosthesis or other methods, such as esophageal speech or electronic speech aids, to communicate. Complications from laryngectomy can include infection, bleeding, and wound healing problems at the stoma site. Patients may also experience difficulties with swallowing, changes in voice, and the need for adjustments to their breathing and communication methods. Long-term issues may involve maintaining the stoma, managing mucus production, and dealing with potential psychological impacts related to the loss of voice and changes in appearance. Despite these challenges, laryngectomy can be life-saving for patients with severe laryngeal conditions, offering an opportunity for extended survival and quality of life improvement when other treatments are not viable.
