A laparotomy is a surgical procedure involving a large incision made in the abdominal wall to gain access to the abdominal cavity. It is performed to diagnose or treat various conditions affecting organs in the abdomen, such as the intestines, stomach, liver, pancreas, or spleen. Laparotomies are often done in emergency situations, such as for traumatic injuries, internal bleeding, or acute abdominal pain, where the cause is unclear and requires direct visualization of the organs. They are also used for planned surgeries, including tumor removal, repairing internal damage, or addressing severe infections. The main reasons for a laparotomy include trauma, unexplained abdominal pain, or the need for a more invasive surgical approach to treat conditions like cancer, appendicitis, or intestinal perforations. During the procedure, the surgeon inspects the organs and may perform corrective actions, such as removing diseased tissues, repairing damage, or draining abscesses. While a laparotomy is an essential life-saving or diagnostic procedure, it carries certain risks and complications. These include infection, bleeding, and damage to surrounding organs. Due to the large incision, patients may experience longer recovery times and are at risk for wound complications, such as hernias or dehiscence (where the wound reopens). Adhesions, or internal scar tissue, may form, leading to future complications like bowel obstruction. Despite these risks, laparotomy remains a crucial tool in abdominal surgery, allowing surgeons to directly address serious medical issues. Post-operative care is important to ensure proper healing and prevent infections or other complications.
