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Laminectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the lamina, a bony structure on the back of a vertebra in the spine. This procedure is commonly performed to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots caused by conditions such as spinal stenosis, herniated discs, or spinal tumors. By removing the lamina, laminectomy increases the space within the spinal canal, reducing compression on nerves and alleviating symptoms such as pain, numbness, or weakness. The surgery is typically performed under general anesthesia and can be done using traditional open techniques or minimally invasive approaches. During the procedure, the surgeon makes an incision in the back to access the spine, removes the lamina, and may also address any other sources of nerve compression, such as herniated disc material or bone spurs. In some cases, additional spinal stabilization may be required if there is significant spinal instability. Complications of laminectomy can include infection, bleeding, and damage to the spinal cord or surrounding nerves. Postoperative issues may involve persistent pain, changes in bowel or bladder function, or new neurological symptoms. There is also a risk of developing spinal instability or degenerative changes in the spine over time. Most patients experience significant relief from their symptoms and improvement in quality of life after recovery, but the extent of benefit depends on the underlying condition and the success of the surgical intervention. Rehabilitation, including physical therapy, is often recommended to support recovery and restore function.