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Intravitreal injection is a medical procedure that involves the direct delivery of medication into the vitreous humor, the gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina in the eye. This technique is primarily utilized to treat a variety of ocular conditions, such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, and certain types of infections or inflammation. By administering the medication directly into the vitreous, healthcare providers can achieve higher local concentrations of the drug, significantly enhancing its efficacy while minimizing systemic side effects. The procedure typically begins with the patient sitting in a comfortable position, and anesthetic drops are applied to numb the surface of the eye, ensuring a pain-free experience. Once the eye is adequately anesthetized, a sterile field is established to reduce the risk of infection. The physician may use lid speculum to keep the eye open during the process, which allows for better access and visibility. A thin needle is then carefully inserted through the sclera, the white part of the eye, to deliver the medication precisely into the vitreous cavity. The volume of the injection is usually small, often ranging from 0.05 to 0.1 milliliters, depending on the specific drug being administered. After the injection, patients are typically monitored for a brief period to observe for any immediate complications, such as bleeding or increased intraocular pressure. Post-procedure instructions often include the use of antibiotic drops to prevent infection and the avoidance of any strenuous activities for a few days. While intravitreal injections are generally well-tolerated, they can carry some risks, including discomfort, temporary vision changes, retinal detachment, and endophthalmitis, a serious eye infection. The frequency of intravitreal injections can vary based on the underlying condition being treated; some patients may require monthly injections, while others might be stabilized with less frequent treatments. The development of this technique has revolutionized the management of various retinal diseases, providing many patients with significant improvements in vision and quality of life. Overall, intravitreal injection plays a crucial role in contemporary ophthalmology, offering targeted therapy that combines efficacy with relative safety for conditions that can lead to vision loss. Through ongoing advancements in drug formulation and delivery methods, this procedure continues to evolve, promising better outcomes for patients suffering from debilitating ocular diseases.