Intravenous (IV) therapy is a medical procedure that involves administering fluids, medications, or nutrients directly into a patient's vein through a catheter. This method allows for rapid delivery of substances into the bloodstream, making it an effective way to manage dehydration, deliver medications, maintain electrolyte balance, provide blood transfusions, and support patients who are unable to eat or drink adequately. IV therapy is commonly used in hospitals and clinical settings for various conditions, such as severe dehydration, surgery, infections, chemotherapy, and emergency care, where quick medication or fluid delivery is crucial. The primary cause for IV therapy is the need for immediate effect or when a patient's condition necessitates the bypass of the digestive system for faster or more controlled delivery.
While IV therapy is generally safe, it can have complications. Common issues include infiltration, where the IV fluid leaks into the surrounding tissue rather than entering the vein, causing swelling and discomfort. Phlebitis, or inflammation of the vein, can occur if the IV site becomes irritated or infected. More serious complications include bloodstream infections, which can happen if sterile techniques are not properly followed, and air embolism, where air bubbles enter the bloodstream and cause blockages. Patients may also experience allergic reactions to the IV fluids or medications being administered. Long-term use of IV therapy can lead to vein damage and scarring, making it difficult to find suitable veins for future access. Close monitoring and adherence to proper IV techniques are essential to minimize these risks and ensure patient safety.
