Glaucoma trabeculectomy is a surgical procedure used to treat glaucoma, a group of eye conditions characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) that can damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss. Trabeculectomy aims to lower IOP by creating a new drainage pathway for the aqueous humor, the fluid inside the eye. During the procedure, a small flap is made in the sclera (the white part of the eye), and a tiny drainage hole is created under this flap. This allows the aqueous humor to bypass the blocked natural drainage channels and flow into a small reservoir, called a bleb, formed under the conjunctiva, where it is absorbed into the bloodstream.
Glaucoma can result from various causes, including age, genetics, certain medications, eye injuries, and conditions like diabetes. Trabeculectomy is typically performed when other treatments, such as medications or laser therapy, fail to adequately control the IOP. While trabeculectomy is often effective at reducing IOP, it carries potential complications. These can include infection, bleeding, cataract formation, overfiltration (leading to too low IOP), or scarring that can block the drainage pathway, requiring further surgery. There is also a risk of vision loss or blurred vision due to complications or changes in eye pressure. Regular follow-up care is crucial to monitor the success of the surgery and manage any side effects. Patients should discuss with their ophthalmologist the risks, benefits, and alternatives to ensure a clear understanding of the procedure and its expected outcomes.
