Gastrectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the partial or total removal of the stomach. It is typically performed to treat serious conditions such as stomach cancer, severe peptic ulcers, or non-cancerous tumors like gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). In cases of cancer, the procedure may also involve the removal of nearby lymph nodes to prevent the spread of the disease. A gastrectomy can also be performed as part of bariatric surgery for weight loss, where part of the stomach is removed to reduce its capacity. There are three main types of gastrectomy: partial, total, and sleeve gastrectomy. In a partial gastrectomy, only the affected part of the stomach is removed, and the remaining part is reconnected to the intestine. In a total gastrectomy, the entire stomach is removed, and the esophagus is directly connected to the small intestine. A sleeve gastrectomy removes a large portion of the stomach, leaving a tube-like structure to limit food intake. Complications of gastrectomy can include infection, bleeding, and leakage from the surgical connections. Patients may also experience long-term issues such as malnutrition, since the stomach plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Other postoperative complications include dumping syndrome, where food moves too quickly into the small intestine, causing nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Patients often require lifelong dietary modifications and vitamin supplementation. Despite the risks, gastrectomy can be a life-saving procedure for individuals with severe stomach conditions, significantly improving outcomes.
