A frenectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal or modification of a frenum, which is a small fold of tissue that connects the lips, cheeks, or tongue to the gums or the floor of the mouth. There are two main types of frenectomy: labial frenectomy, which is performed on the frenum that connects the upper or lower lip to the gums, and lingual frenectomy, which is performed on the frenum under the tongue. This procedure is often done to correct problems caused by a tight or overly restrictive frenum, such as a tongue-tie (ankyloglossia) or lip-tie, which can interfere with normal oral function, speech, eating, or dental health. The causes for a frenectomy are usually developmental, where a person is born with a frenum that is abnormally thick, tight, or positioned in a way that restricts movement. In infants, a tight lingual frenum can cause difficulties with breastfeeding or bottle-feeding. In older children and adults, an abnormally attached frenum may lead to speech difficulties, challenges with oral hygiene, or gum recession due to tension on the gum tissue. In some cases, a prominent labial frenum can create a gap between the front teeth (diastema) that may not close naturally or with orthodontic treatment alone. Symptoms that might indicate the need for a frenectomy include restricted tongue movement, speech difficulties, difficulty breastfeeding in infants, discomfort or pain in the mouth, and dental issues such as gaps between teeth or gum recession. Complications of a frenectomy are generally rare but can include bleeding, infection, scarring, and, in some cases, a recurrence of the frenum attachment requiring further treatment. The procedure is typically quick and can be performed with local anesthesia, laser surgery, or traditional surgical techniques. Recovery is usually straightforward, with most patients experiencing minimal discomfort and quick healing. A frenectomy can significantly improve oral function, comfort, and, in some cases, aesthetics, making it a beneficial procedure for those with restrictive frenal attachments.
