Earwax removal refers to the process of eliminating excess cerumen, or earwax, from the ear canal. Earwax is a natural substance produced by glands in the ear canal to protect and lubricate the ear, trapping dust and debris and preventing them from reaching the eardrum. In most cases, earwax naturally migrates out of the ear canal without intervention. However, certain conditions can cause earwax to build up and become impacted, leading to discomfort or hearing problems. Causes of excessive earwax buildup include the overproduction of cerumen, the use of objects like cotton swabs or hearing aids that push wax deeper into the ear canal, and anatomical factors such as narrow or hairy ear canals that impede natural wax expulsion. Symptoms of earwax impaction may include earache, a feeling of fullness or blockage in the ear, reduced hearing, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), dizziness, and sometimes a persistent cough. Complications associated with earwax removal, especially when done improperly, can include injury to the ear canal or eardrum, causing pain, bleeding, or infection. Earwax removal techniques such as ear irrigation, ear drops, or manual removal with specialized instruments are generally safe when performed by a healthcare professional. However, home remedies like using cotton swabs, candles, or sharp objects can increase the risk of complications. In some cases, aggressive removal methods can push wax deeper into the ear, leading to further impaction or damage. People with certain conditions, such as a perforated eardrum, frequent ear infections, or ear surgery history, should seek professional advice before attempting earwax removal. Proper ear care and avoiding inserting objects into the ear canal can prevent earwax buildup and associated complications, promoting ear health and comfort.
