Coronary angioplasty, also known as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat coronary artery disease by improving blood flow to the heart. It involves inserting a catheter with a balloon into a narrowed or blocked coronary artery through a small incision, typically in the groin or wrist. Once the catheter reaches the site of the blockage, the balloon is inflated to compress the fatty deposits or plaque against the artery walls, thus widening the artery and restoring blood flow. In many cases, a stent, a small wire mesh tube, is also placed to keep the artery open and prevent re-narrowing. The procedure is often performed to alleviate symptoms of angina, improve heart function, and reduce the risk of heart attacks. Causes for undergoing coronary angioplasty generally include significant coronary artery blockages that have not responded to lifestyle changes, medications, or other interventions, leading to chest pain, shortness of breath, or other symptoms. Despite its effectiveness, coronary angioplasty carries potential complications, including bleeding or bruising at the catheter insertion site, blood clots, infection, and allergic reactions to contrast dye used during the procedure. There is also a risk of restenosis, where the artery becomes narrowed again, and in rare cases, heart attack or stroke may occur. Post-procedure, patients are typically advised to follow a regimen of medications and lifestyle modifications to support heart health and prevent complications. A thorough discussion with a cardiologist is crucial to understand the risks, benefits, and expected outcomes of coronary angioplasty.
