Colpotomy is a surgical procedure that involves making an incision in the vaginal wall to gain access to the pelvic cavity. It is primarily performed for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes in gynecological procedures. Colpotomy can be used to access the uterus, ovaries, or fallopian tubes, often in cases of ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, or for the removal of ovarian cysts or tumors. The procedure can also be employed during hysterectomy or to drain pelvic abscesses. In some instances, colpotomy is used as a less invasive alternative to abdominal surgery, offering a route to the pelvic organs without the need for a larger external incision. The procedure is usually performed under general or regional anesthesia. A small incision is made in the posterior or anterior vaginal wall, depending on the area being accessed. Once the incision is made, the surgeon can either explore or treat the pelvic organs as needed. Colpotomy is often considered part of a larger surgical procedure, such as a vaginal hysterectomy. While colpotomy can offer a less invasive approach to certain pelvic surgeries, it is not without risks and complications. Potential complications include infection, bleeding, and damage to surrounding organs like the bladder, rectum, or ureters. There is also a risk of postoperative pain or the formation of fistulas (abnormal connections between organs). In some cases, scarring can occur, potentially leading to long-term discomfort or other complications. Recovery typically involves rest, pain management, and monitoring for signs of infection or other complications.
