A cesarean section, commonly known as a C-section, is a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby through an incision made in the mother's abdomen and uterus. This method is employed when a vaginal delivery poses risks to the mother or baby or when complications arise during labor. Common indications for a C-section include fetal distress, abnormal positioning of the baby (such as breech or transverse presentation), multiple pregnancies, or a previous C-section. It may also be performed in cases of placenta previa, where the placenta covers the cervix, or if there are concerns about the mother's health, such as preeclampsia or active herpes infection. During the procedure, the patient is typically given regional anesthesia, such as an epidural or spinal block, which numbs the lower half of the body while allowing the patient to remain awake. The surgery involves making a horizontal incision across the lower abdomen, followed by a vertical incision in the uterus to deliver the baby. While a C-section can be life-saving and effective in managing certain delivery complications, it is associated with potential complications. Common risks include infection at the incision site, excessive bleeding, blood clots, and adverse reactions to anesthesia. The recovery period can be longer compared to vaginal delivery, with potential for increased pain and delayed return to normal activities. Additionally, future pregnancies may carry a higher risk of complications due to the previous surgical scars. Despite these risks, C-sections are often necessary and beneficial for ensuring the safety of both the mother and baby in complex or high-risk delivery situations.
