A cervicectomy, also known as a trachelectomy, is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. This procedure is most commonly performed to treat early-stage cervical cancer, particularly in younger women who wish to preserve their fertility. It may also be indicated for severe cases of cervical dysplasia (precancerous changes) that do not respond to other treatments. In a cervicectomy, the cervix is removed while the uterus is preserved, allowing the possibility of pregnancy in the future, though the pregnancy would require close monitoring and typically a cesarean delivery. There are two main types of cervicectomy: radical trachelectomy, which involves removing the cervix, the surrounding tissues, and part of the vagina, and simple trachelectomy, where only the cervix is removed. The surgery can be performed through an abdominal, vaginal, or laparoscopic approach, depending on the patient's condition and the surgeon's expertise. As with any surgical procedure, a cervicectomy carries potential risks and complications. These include infection, bleeding, damage to surrounding organs (such as the bladder or bowel), and complications related to anesthesia. Additionally, women who undergo cervicectomy may face fertility challenges, such as an increased risk of miscarriage or premature birth, due to the shortened cervix. Other long-term complications may involve cervical stenosis (narrowing of the cervix), which can affect menstrual flow or fertility. Nonetheless, the procedure offers a fertility-sparing option for women with early-stage cervical cancer.
