Burn scars or deformities result from damage to the skin and underlying tissues caused by burns, which can vary in severity from minor to life-threatening. Burns are typically classified into first, second, or third-degree, depending on the depth of the skin damage. First-degree burns affect only the outer layer of skin, while second-degree burns reach the dermis and third-degree burns extend into deeper tissues. Causes of burns include exposure to heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation. The body's natural healing process following a burn injury can lead to the formation of scars, which may appear as hypertrophic (raised and red) or as keloids (thick and raised beyond the original wound). More severe burns, especially third-degree burns, can lead to contractures, where the skin tightens and restricts movement, causing deformities and functional limitations. Complications associated with burn scars and deformities include chronic pain, itching, reduced mobility, and psychological distress due to changes in appearance. Additionally, burn scars can impair the skin's ability to regulate temperature and maintain moisture, increasing the risk of skin breakdown and infections. Treatments for burn scars and deformities aim to improve function and appearance and may include surgical procedures such as skin grafts, flaps, or contracture release, as well as non-surgical options like laser therapy, pressure garments, and physical therapy. Managing burn scars and deformities often requires a multidisciplinary approach to address both the physical and emotional challenges faced by patients, promoting healing and improving quality of life.
