Bunionectomy is a surgical procedure designed to correct a bunion, a deformity characterized by a protruding bony bump at the base of the big toe. This condition typically arises from a misalignment of the bones in the foot, causing the big toe to angle towards the second toe, and often leads to pain, swelling, and difficulty wearing shoes. Bunions can develop due to various factors including genetic predisposition, abnormal foot mechanics, or arthritis. The goal of bunionectomy is to relieve pain, correct the deformity, and restore normal foot function. During the procedure, the surgeon makes an incision near the bunion to access the affected joint. The surgery involves realigning the bones in the big toe by removing the bony bump and, in some cases, correcting the alignment of the bones with pins, screws, or plates. The procedure may vary in complexity depending on the severity of the bunion and the specific surgical technique used, such as the traditional open surgery or a minimally invasive approach. Despite its benefits, bunionectomy carries potential complications. These may include postoperative pain, swelling, or infection at the surgical site. There is also a risk of developing stiffness or reduced range of motion in the toe, as well as potential recurrence of the bunion if the underlying causes are not adequately addressed. In some cases, patients might experience complications related to anesthesia or prolonged recovery times. Proper postoperative care, including following wound care instructions, engaging in prescribed physical therapy, and adhering to footwear recommendations, is essential for optimal recovery and long-term success of the surgery.
