Bronchotomy is a surgical procedure that involves making an incision into the bronchus, one of the main airways leading to the lungs. This procedure is typically performed to gain access to the airways for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, such as removing foreign objects, addressing blockages, or performing biopsy samples of lung tissue. Bronchotomy may also be used to treat conditions like tumors, strictures, or severe infections that obstruct normal breathing. It is a specialized procedure that is less common than bronchoscopy, a minimally invasive technique, and is generally reserved for more complex cases requiring direct access to the bronchial tubes. The procedure involves opening the chest cavity, often through a thoracotomy, to expose the bronchi. The surgeon makes a controlled incision in the bronchus, allowing for the removal of obstructions, repair of injuries, or treatment of diseases affecting the bronchial passages. It is generally performed under general anesthesia due to its invasive nature. Although bronchotomy can be life-saving, it carries significant risks and potential complications. These include infection, excessive bleeding, and the possibility of air leaks from the lungs into the chest cavity, known as pneumothorax, which can impair breathing. Post-operative complications may also include pain, respiratory difficulties, or pneumonia. Additionally, scarring of the bronchus can lead to long-term breathing difficulties or require further intervention. Recovery often involves close monitoring in the intensive care unit (ICU) to ensure proper healing and lung function, as well as respiratory therapy to aid in recovery.
