Breast conserving surgery, also known as lumpectomy or partial mastectomy, is a surgical procedure aimed at removing a tumor and a small margin of surrounding healthy tissue from the breast, while preserving the majority of the breast tissue. This approach is typically used in the treatment of breast cancer to eliminate cancerous cells while maintaining the breast's appearance and function. The procedure involves the surgical removal of the tumor, along with a margin of normal tissue to ensure that all cancer cells are removed. Breast conserving surgery is often followed by radiation therapy to destroy any remaining cancer cells in the breast. The primary reasons for choosing breast conserving surgery include a desire to retain as much of the breast tissue as possible while effectively treating breast cancer. This method is generally recommended for patients with early-stage breast cancer or for those whose tumors are relatively small compared to the size of the breast. It is also considered when the cancer has not spread extensively and the patient is a good candidate for radiation therapy. Complications associated with breast conserving surgery can include infection, bleeding, and scarring. Some patients may experience changes in breast shape or contour, which can affect cosmetic outcomes. There is also a risk of lymphedema (swelling) if lymph nodes are removed, and potential long-term effects such as changes in breast sensitivity or pain. Despite these potential risks, breast conserving surgery offers many patients a favorable balance between effective cancer treatment and preserving breast appearance.
