Brain stimulation surgery, also known as deep brain stimulation (DBS), is a neurosurgical procedure used to treat various neurological and psychiatric conditions by implanting a device that delivers electrical impulses to specific areas of the brain. The device, often referred to as a brain stimulator or pulse generator, is implanted under the skin in the chest or abdomen, with electrodes placed in targeted brain regions. This technique is commonly used to manage conditions such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) when medications or other treatments have not been effective. The primary cause for considering brain stimulation surgery is to alleviate symptoms that are resistant to conventional treatments or to improve quality of life for patients with severe or disabling neurological disorders. The electrical impulses modulate abnormal brain activity, helping to reduce symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and involuntary movements, or to help manage psychiatric symptoms. While brain stimulation surgery can be highly effective, it carries potential risks and complications. These can include infection at the implant site, bleeding or swelling in the brain, hardware malfunction, and adverse reactions to anesthesia. Patients may also experience side effects related to stimulation, such as mood changes, speech difficulties, or altered cognition. There is a risk of stimulation-induced effects that may require adjustments to the device settings. Post-surgery, careful monitoring and adjustments are essential to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes and to manage any side effects. Overall, brain stimulation surgery offers a promising option for patients with challenging conditions, improving symptom control and quality of life.
