Amniotomy, also known as artificial rupture of membranes (AROM), is a procedure in which a healthcare provider deliberately breaks the amniotic sac to induce or accelerate labor. The amniotic sac contains the fluid that surrounds and protects the baby during pregnancy. Amniotomy is usually performed during active labor or to stimulate labor when it has slowed down or is not progressing as expected. It can also be used to place internal monitors or assess the color and consistency of the amniotic fluid to check for signs of fetal distress. The procedure is typically performed using a sterile plastic hook that is inserted into the cervix to puncture the amniotic sac, allowing the fluid to drain. Amniotomy is generally done when the cervix is sufficiently dilated, and the baby's head is engaged in the pelvis to minimize risks. While amniotomy can help speed up labor, it carries certain risks and potential complications. One possible complication is infection, as breaking the sac increases the risk of bacteria entering the uterus. There is also a risk of umbilical cord prolapse, where the cord slips into the birth canal ahead of the baby, which can lead to a medical emergency. Additionally, if the procedure is performed too early in labor, it may not result in the desired acceleration of labor, potentially leading to the need for other interventions like a cesarean section. Post-procedure care involves monitoring the mother and baby closely for signs of infection, distress, or labor progression.
