Tenesmus is a medical condition characterized by a frequent and urgent feeling of needing to pass stool, even when the bowels are empty. This sensation is often accompanied by straining, discomfort, and an incomplete feeling after defecation. Tenesmus can significantly affect a person's quality of life due to the constant urge to use the bathroom, often without substantial results. The condition is typically associated with inflammation or irritation of the rectum or sigmoid colon. Common causes of tenesmus include inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) like ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, where chronic inflammation affects the intestinal lining. Infections of the gastrointestinal tract, such as bacterial gastroenteritis, amoebiasis, or sexually transmitted infections like herpes or gonorrhea, can also lead to tenesmus. Less commonly, tenesmus may be a symptom of rectal tumors, polyps, or other pelvic masses that exert pressure on the rectal area.
Treatment for tenesmus depends on its underlying cause. For cases related to inflammatory bowel disease, medications such as anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, or biologics are used to reduce inflammation and control symptoms. Antibiotics may be necessary for infections, while dietary changes and increased fluid intake can help manage symptoms of gastrointestinal upset. Pain and discomfort can be alleviated with antispasmodic medications or stool softeners, depending on individual symptoms. For more severe cases, such as those involving tumors, surgical intervention may be required. Consulting a healthcare provider is crucial for proper diagnosis and tailored treatment to alleviate tenesmus and address its root cause.
