Shoulder impingement is a condition where the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles become compressed or pinched between the shoulder blade (scapula) and the upper arm bone (humerus), particularly during arm movements. This compression can lead to inflammation, pain, and limited range of motion in the shoulder. Common symptoms include sharp or aching pain, particularly when lifting the arm, reaching overhead, or performing activities that involve shoulder movement. The condition often results in a feeling of weakness and difficulty in performing everyday tasks. Causes of shoulder impingement include repetitive overhead activities or motions, which place stress on the shoulder tendons and bursa (a fluid-filled sac that reduces friction). Other contributing factors may include anatomical variations, such as a bony spur on the acromion (the bony projection on the shoulder blade), or poor posture that alters shoulder mechanics. Shoulder impingement can also be exacerbated by muscle imbalances, where some muscles may be overly tight or weak, leading to improper movement patterns. Treatment for shoulder impingement typically involves a combination of conservative approaches. Resting and avoiding activities that exacerbate the pain are crucial for recovery. Physical therapy is often recommended to improve shoulder strength, flexibility, and range of motion through targeted exercises and stretches. Anti-inflammatory medications or corticosteroid injections may be used to reduce pain and inflammation. In cases where conservative measures are ineffective or if there is significant structural damage, surgical intervention may be necessary to relieve the impingement and repair any damaged tissues. Consulting a healthcare professional is essential for an accurate diagnosis and to develop an appropriate treatment plan tailored to the individual's condition.
