Pink eye, also known as conjunctivitis, is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, the transparent membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the white part of the eyeball. This condition causes the blood vessels in the conjunctiva to become more prominent, giving the eye a pink or reddish appearance. Pink eye is often accompanied by symptoms such as itching, burning, tearing, discharge, and a gritty sensation in the eye. It can affect one or both eyes and is highly contagious in certain forms, making prompt diagnosis and management essential. The causes of pink eye can be viral, bacterial, allergic, or due to irritants. Viral conjunctivitis is the most common type and is often associated with the same viruses that cause the common cold. It spreads easily through direct contact with eye secretions or contaminated objects. Bacterial conjunctivitis, caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus or Streptococcus, can lead to more severe symptoms, including yellow or greenish discharge and eyelids sticking together, especially after sleep. Allergic conjunctivitis results from reactions to allergens like pollen, dust mites, or pet dander, and is usually accompanied by itching and watery eyes. Irritant conjunctivitis can occur due to exposure to smoke, chemicals, or foreign bodies.
Treatment for pink eye depends on the underlying cause. Viral conjunctivitis usually resolves on its own within a few days to two weeks; supportive care includes using cold compresses and artificial tears to relieve symptoms. Bacterial conjunctivitis often requires antibiotic eye drops or ointments to speed up recovery and reduce the risk of spreading the infection. Allergic conjunctivitis can be managed with antihistamine or anti-inflammatory eye drops to control symptoms and by avoiding known allergens. Practicing good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing and avoiding touching the eyes, is crucial to prevent the spread of infectious conjunctivitis. If symptoms persist or worsen, consulting an eye care professional is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment.
