Oral allergy syndrome (OAS), also known as pollen-food syndrome, is an allergic reaction that occurs in some individuals who are allergic to certain pollens and experience cross-reactivity to specific fruits, vegetables, and nuts. This condition arises because the proteins in these foods are similar to the allergenic proteins found in pollens like birch, ragweed, and grass. When a person with OAS consumes a cross-reactive food, their immune system mistakenly identifies the food proteins as harmful, triggering an allergic reaction. Symptoms of oral allergy syndrome typically appear within minutes of eating the offending food and are usually mild, including itching or tingling in the mouth, lips, tongue, and throat. In some cases, swelling of the lips, mouth, or throat may occur, but severe reactions like anaphylaxis are rare.
The most common foods associated with OAS include apples, peaches, cherries, kiwis, carrots, celery, and nuts, among others. Treatment primarily involves avoiding the specific raw foods that trigger symptoms, as cooking these foods often alters the proteins enough to prevent a reaction. For mild reactions, rinsing the mouth with water or taking an antihistamine can help alleviate symptoms. In cases where symptoms persist or worsen, medical advice should be sought to evaluate the need for additional treatment, such as carrying an epinephrine auto-injector in rare cases of severe reactions. Preventive strategies include being aware of food-pollen cross-reactivities and avoiding raw trigger foods, particularly during peak pollen seasons. Education on label reading and cross-contact prevention is also vital for managing this condition effectively.
