Glue ear, also known as otitis media with effusion (OME), is a condition characterized by the accumulation of thick, sticky fluid in the middle ear behind the eardrum without an active infection. This fluid buildup often leads to a sensation of fullness in the ear, hearing loss, and sometimes mild discomfort. The condition is most commonly seen in children but can also affect adults. The primary cause of glue ear is the dysfunction of the Eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear to the back of the throat and helps equalize ear pressure and drain fluid. Inflammation or congestion in the Eustachian tube, often due to upper respiratory infections, allergies, or sinusitis, can impair its function, leading to fluid accumulation in the middle ear. In children, the condition is frequently associated with recurrent ear infections or colds, as their Eustachian tubes are shorter and more horizontal, making them more prone to blockage.
Treatment for glue ear focuses on addressing the fluid buildup and restoring normal hearing. In many cases, glue ear resolves on its own within a few months, particularly if there are no signs of infection. For symptomatic relief, healthcare providers may recommend pain management with over-the-counter pain relievers and using decongestants or nasal steroids to reduce Eustachian tube inflammation. If glue ear persists or significantly affects hearing and daily functioning, further interventions may be necessary. These can include the insertion of tympanostomy tubes (also known as ear tubes) through a minor surgical procedure, which helps drain the fluid and ventilate the middle ear. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is essential to monitor the condition and determine the need for additional treatments or interventions.
