Dry, irritated eyes, also known as dry eye syndrome, occur when the eyes do not produce enough tears or when the tears evaporate too quickly, leading to insufficient lubrication on the eye's surface. This condition results in symptoms such as redness, a gritty or sandy sensation, burning, itching, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light. Dry, irritated eyes can cause discomfort and significantly impact daily activities, particularly those that require prolonged visual focus. The causes of dry, irritated eyes are diverse and can include environmental, lifestyle, and medical factors. Common environmental causes include exposure to dry or windy climates, smoke, and prolonged screen time, which can reduce blink rates and tear distribution. Lifestyle factors such as wearing contact lenses for extended periods or inadequate hydration can also contribute to dryness. Medically, dry eye syndrome is often associated with aging, as tear production tends to decrease with age. Hormonal changes, particularly in postmenopausal women, can further exacerbate the condition. Certain medications, including antihistamines, decongestants, and antidepressants, can reduce tear production. Autoimmune conditions like Sjögren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis can also cause dry eyes due to reduced tear gland function.
Treatment for dry, irritated eyes focuses on relieving symptoms and addressing the underlying causes. Over-the-counter artificial tears or lubricating eye drops can provide immediate relief by supplementing natural tears. For more persistent cases, prescription medications like cyclosporine (Restasis) or lifitegrast (Xiidra) may help increase tear production and reduce inflammation. Environmental modifications, such as using a humidifier, taking breaks during screen time, and wearing sunglasses to protect against wind, can also alleviate symptoms. In severe cases, procedures like punctal plugs, which block tear drainage, may be recommended to maintain eye moisture. Consulting an eye care professional is important for a proper diagnosis and tailored treatment plan.
