A distended abdomen, characterized by an enlarged or swollen belly, occurs when the abdominal cavity becomes filled with excess fluid, gas, or solids, causing visible bulging and discomfort. This condition can be caused by a variety of factors, ranging from benign to serious. Common causes include overeating, gas accumulation, and constipation, which can lead to temporary abdominal bloating and distension. More serious causes involve underlying medical conditions such as ascites, where fluid accumulates in the abdominal cavity due to liver disease, heart failure, or cancer. Other potential causes include gastrointestinal issues like bowel obstruction or ileus, where the normal movement of the intestines is disrupted, leading to buildup of gas and fluids. Abdominal distension can also be linked to conditions such as ovarian cysts, fibroids, or tumors, which physically expand the abdominal cavity. Treatment for abdominal distension depends on the underlying cause. For temporary bloating due to diet or constipation, dietary adjustments, increased fiber intake, and medications to relieve gas or constipation can be effective. In cases of ascites, managing the underlying condition, such as liver disease or heart failure, is crucial, and may involve diuretics to reduce fluid buildup or therapeutic paracentesis to remove excess fluid. For gastrointestinal obstructions, medical or surgical interventions may be necessary to relieve the blockage. Identifying and addressing the root cause through medical evaluation is essential for appropriate management and to prevent further complications.
