Blood in the stool, or hematochezia, is a condition where blood is present in bowel movements, which can be either visible in the stool or detected through tests. This condition is defined as the presence of red or dark-colored blood, indicating a potential issue within the gastrointestinal tract. The causes of blood in the stool are varied and can include gastrointestinal bleeding from conditions such as hemorrhoids or anal fissures, which typically cause bright red blood. More serious conditions include gastrointestinal ulcers, which can lead to dark, tarry stools (melena) due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, can also cause blood in the stool along with other symptoms like abdominal pain and diarrhea. Additionally, colorectal cancer can present with blood in the stool, particularly in older adults. Treatment for blood in the stool depends on the underlying cause. For hemorrhoids or anal fissures, treatments may include topical creams, dietary changes to prevent constipation, and increasing fiber intake. If ulcers are present, medications to reduce stomach acid, such as proton pump inhibitors, may be prescribed. For inflammatory bowel diseases, specific medications and dietary adjustments can help manage symptoms. In cases where colorectal cancer is suspected, further diagnostic testing such as colonoscopy is required, and treatment may involve surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy based on the stage and extent of the cancer. If blood in the stool is persistent, severe, or accompanied by other symptoms like significant pain or weight loss, consulting a healthcare provider is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
