Amaurosis fugax is a condition characterized by temporary, painless loss of vision in one or both eyes that typically lasts for a few seconds to a few minutes before spontaneously resolving. This transient vision loss is often described as a "curtain" or "shade" descending over the visual field. The primary cause of amaurosis fugax is a temporary interruption of blood flow to the retina, commonly due to a retinal artery or vein spasm or embolism. This interruption can be a result of underlying systemic conditions such as carotid artery disease, where atherosclerosis or blood clots impede blood flow, or as a symptom of an impending stroke. Other contributing factors may include severe migraines or vascular issues affecting the retina. Treatment for amaurosis fugax focuses on addressing the underlying cause to prevent future episodes and potential progression to more serious conditions. Management typically involves evaluating and treating risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia to improve overall vascular health. In cases where carotid artery disease is identified, interventions like lifestyle changes, medications, or surgical procedures to clear the artery may be recommended. Patients experiencing amaurosis fugax should undergo a thorough medical evaluation, including imaging studies and cardiovascular assessments, to identify and address any significant underlying conditions. Prompt medical attention is crucial, as amaurosis fugax can be a warning sign of a more serious event, such as a stroke.
