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Acanthosis nigricans is a skin condition characterized by dark, velvety patches of thickened skin, usually found in body folds such as the neck, armpits, or groin. This condition arises from an increase in the number of skin cells and a change in their pigmentation. The skin becomes discolored and may develop a slightly raised texture, creating a noticeable contrast with surrounding areas. Acanthosis nigricans is commonly associated with insulin resistance, often seen in conditions such as type 2 diabetes or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Other potential causes include obesity, hormonal disorders, and certain genetic conditions. In some cases, it can also result from the use of certain medications, such as high-dose corticosteroids, or be linked to underlying cancers, though this is less common. Diagnosis is typically made based on the appearance of the skin and a medical history evaluation. In some instances, further testing may be necessary to identify any underlying health issues. Treatment of acanthosis nigricans primarily focuses on addressing the root cause of the condition. For individuals with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes, improving blood sugar control through diet, exercise, and medications can help reduce the appearance of the skin changes. Weight loss can also be beneficial for those who are overweight. In cases where medication or an underlying condition is responsible, discontinuing the offending agent or managing the condition effectively can lead to improvement. Topical treatments and other dermatological interventions may also be used to address the skin changes, but these are often secondary to managing the primary health issues contributing to the condition.